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Sperm count

refers to the number of sperm present in a given amount of semen. It is a key factor in male fertility and is usually measured as part of a semen analysis. A healthy sperm count increases the likelihood of successful conception. Low sperm count, or oligospermia, can make conception difficult but does not necessarily mean infertility.

Normal Sperm Count:

A normal sperm count is 15 million sperm per milliliter (mL) of semen or more.
A count of fewer than 15 million/mL is considered low (oligospermia).
No sperm in semen is termed azoospermia.

Causes of Low Sperm Count:

Medical Causes: Varicocele (enlarged veins in the testicles). Infections (e.g., STIs, prostatitis, mumps). Hormonal imbalances (low testosterone or pituitary gland disorders). Genetic conditions (e.g., Klinefelter syndrome, Y chromosome microdeletions). Erectile dysfunction or ejaculation problems (e.g., retrograde ejaculation). Testicular injury, surgery, or cancer. .
Lifestyle Factors: Smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, or drug use (e.g., anabolic steroids, marijuana). Obesity. Stress or mental health issues. Exposure to heat (e.g., saunas, tight clothing, prolonged laptop use on the lap).
Environmental Factors: Exposure to toxins, pesticides, or heavy metals. Radiation or industrial chemicals.
Medications and Treatments: Chemotherapy or radiation therapy. Long-term use of certain medications (e.g., testosterone therapy, antibiotics, anti-androgens).

Symptoms of Low Sperm Count:

Difficulty conceiving after regular, unprotected intercourse. Hormonal symptoms such as low libido or reduced body hair. Pain, swelling, or lumps in the testicle area.

Prevention of Low Sperm Count:

Maintain a healthy weight and balanced diet.
Avoid excessive heat around the genital area.
Limit alcohol and quit smoking.
Practice safe sex to avoid STIs.
Get regular health check-ups.

Healthy Diet

Include foods rich in zinc (oysters, nuts), selenium (fish, eggs), and antioxidants (fruits, vegetables).

Quit Smoking and Alcohol

Both are linked to reduced sperm production and quality.

When to See a Doctor:

Inability to conceive after a year of regular, unprotected sex. Symptoms of hormonal imbalance (e.g., fatigue, decreased body hair). Pain, swelling, or lumps in the testicles.

Low sperm count is treatable in many cases, and advancements in reproductive technology provide effective solutions for those facing fertility challenges. A healthcare provider or fertility specialist can offer tailored treatment options.