Male infertility

refers to a man's inability to contribute to conception with his partner. It accounts for about 40-50% of all infertility cases and can be caused by various factors affecting sperm production, function, or delivery. Infertility in men can lead to emotional distress and relationship challenges but is often treatable with medical intervention or lifestyle changes.

Symptoms of Male Infertility:

• Difficulty conceiving after a year of regular, unprotected sexual intercourse.
• Low sperm count (oligospermia) or no sperm in the semen (azoospermia).
• Abnormal sperm shape or movement (poor motility).
• Problems with ejaculation or sexual function (e.g., erectile dysfunction, low libido).
• Pain, swelling, or lumps in the testicle area.
• Hormonal symptoms, such as reduced facial or body hair.

Causes of Male Infertility:



• Sperm Production Issues: Genetic conditions (e.g., Klinefelter syndrome, Y chromosome microdeletions). Infections (e.g., mumps, STIs, prostatitis). Testicular damage from injury, surgery, or cancer. Varicocele (swelling of veins in the testicles, which impairs sperm production).
• Sperm Delivery Problems: Blockages in the reproductive tract (vas deferens or epididymis). Retrograde ejaculation (semen enters the bladder instead of exiting the penis). Structural abnormalities of the penis, such as hypospadias.
• Hormonal Imbalances: Low testosterone levels (hypogonadism). Disorders of the hypothalamus or pituitary gland affecting hormone production.
• Lifestyle and Environmental Factors: Smoking, excessive alcohol, or drug use. Obesity or poor diet. Exposure to toxins, pesticides, or heavy metals. Stress and excessive heat (e.g., frequent sauna use, tight clothing).
• Medical Conditions and Treatments: Chronic illnesses (e.g., diabetes, kidney disease). Chemotherapy or radiation for cancer. Certain medications (e.g., anabolic steroids, antibiotics, anti-hypertensives).